Bitmap images: are based on pixels (grid of small squares).Bitmap images can be either photographs or scanned drawings.

JPEG
(*JPG,*.JPEG,*.JPE) this format is common on web pages and it useful for photographic images because JPEG can show up to 24 bit colour.JPEG always need to set the compression ratio while using coz with higher compression setting result in lower quality images and smaller file sizes. 

Photoshop EPS (*.EPS): Is useful to be using with programme such as illustrate, page maker and quark Press. A normally printed image used with ESP is often used in CMYK mode. 

MPEG
Shortening of the word Moving Pictures Expert Group, is to compress digital video clips there are many versions or upgrades such as MPEG1, MPEG2 and MPEG4. 

Gif
It’s the most famous in the Internet.GIFs are used for small animations and low-resolution film clips, also be used to store low-color sprite data for games.

Fla
It’s a program to design animation. Used primarily in the design of web pages, in addition to being a programme to design graphics containing programming language assistance called Action Script. Applications are due by the quality of its small size and appearance, but need Flash player on the user’s computer. Was purchased product (Macromedia Flash) recently by the company Adobe famous in the world of design. Flash has gone over big moves after their flash mx AX and then flash 8 finally flash cs3 which was produced by the company were issued ADOBE a modern version action script3 which is a big leap Flash programming and updates which can be learned is easier than before. 

Pixel
is the smallest element of an image in the form of a small groups of pixels (in the two-dimensional surface) a picture. Usually small texture density to be big picture better. Computer identifies each pixel intensity of light and colour to the composition of the overall picture; for pictures of the colure pixel are divided into smaller parts know carries – pixel sub-pixels.

A colour space: colour space combines the colours visible numbers. Given the limitations of human vision, these numbers are generally in the form of triplets. Each colour of light can be characterised by one point in a three-dimensional space. When printing, for reasons related to the quality of pigments, the space used generally involves at least four dimensions.

Vector graphics use mathematical relationships between points and the paths connecting them to describe an image.

Vector format it more suited to the defined lines, shapes of charts, logos, cartoons, technical drawings and fonts.

 
Original vector        scaled vector
Vector graphics are works at any size so it suited for art line and they are quicker to open or download on systems with limited Memory. 

Raster graphics is a digital image stored in a file in a data format which is composed of dots of colour, generally rectangular, which can be viewed on a computer monitor, other display device, or just on a piece of paper. Raster images are stored in image files with varying formats.

Comparison with the vector images
When magnifies an image matrix, since it adds no information that was not already present, it induces a visible loss of quality. Rather, once an image is scanned, its definition is fixed and his appearance may not improve, even with the best display or display tricks.

TIFF (Tagged Image File Format) is a file format for digital image; Adobe is the depositary and the original owner.

-It is well known for recording data multi-byte format.

-It allows you to use many types of compression, with or without loss of data.

-It supports many encodings pixels, from 1 to 64 bits per pixel.

It supports many colour spaces: black and white, monochrome palette of colours (any size), RGB, CMYK.
-It supports many additional information on the useful colour calibration colour: gamma correction, and so on.
-It bears the image storage block, and multiple images per file, images alternatives in low resolution, annotations in the form of curves and text, and so on.

This considerable flexibility that TIFF is used in a wide range of applications, industrial scanners to digital cameras via printers. 

However all software not capable of displaying all types of TIFF images; but it is possible to create extensions.

EPS is a graphic file format, stands for Encapsulated PostScript.

An EPS file is a PostScript file that satisfies some additional restrictions. These restrictions are trying to make it easier for the software programs include an EPS file within another document PostScript.

At least, an EPS file contains a comment Bounding Box (edge of the box), describing the rectangle that contains the image. Applications can use this information to circulate elements on a page, even if they are unable to interpret the PostScript file content.

EPS files often include a preview of content to display. The idea is to allow a simple visualization of the final outcome in any application that can draw a bitmap. Without this visualization applications should render the data postscript (PS) file.

PDF (Portable Document Format) is a format for storing documents, developed by the company Adobe Systems.

This format is a composite (vector image, bitmap and text); it is specially designed for documents that could be printed, since it specifies all the information necessary for the final presentation of the document, identifying all the details of how it is going to be, not requiring previous adjustment processes or layout.

However, is increasingly being used as a specification display, thanks to the high quality of the sources used and the facilities for the handling of the document, such as searches, hyperlinks, etc.

The Advantages:-

You can integrate any combination of text, graphics, photos and even music.
It is one of the most widespread Internet formats for exchanging documents. So it is widely used by businesses, governments and educational institutions.
It is an open specification, for which they have generated free software tools that allow you to create, view or modify documents in PDF format.
The PDF file can be created from multiple applications to export the file.

PNG- (The Portable Network Graphics) is an open format digital images, which was created to replace the GIF format.

The PNG format is a non-destructive specially adapted to publish simple images, including flat colours.

For Images

PNG is particularly appropriate when it comes to record images for web graphics, icons, images or images with little degraded.

The PNG regularly outperforms GIF format both in terms of size (with a range of well-chosen colours) that quality as it is not limited to 256 colours.

For photos

PNG allow him to save photographs without loss of data, but at the expense of the resulting file size of which remains the most often much higher than that of formats specific to the photos as JPEG.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/47/PNG_transparency_demonstration_1.png

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/9/9a/PNG_transparency_demonstration_2.png

PNG, image with an 8-bit transparency channel (top).

The same image is overlaid onto a check- red background (bottom), typically used with graphics software to denote the transparency.

PGF stands for Progressive Graphics File and is a graphic format for compressed bitmaps. It was as a substitute for in the years came designed JPEG compression. The data are either loss or lossy compression saved.

PGF is like JPEG and JPEG 2000 for natural images. Artificially generated raster images like screenshots or logos will be better with PNG saved.

JPEG 2000 and PGF based both on the discrete wavelet transform (DWT). The compression ratio of PGF comes with the same picture quality is not up to that of JPEG 2000 approached, however, clearly better than JPEG.

JPEG 2000 paid that fact with a very high encoding and decoding, while the encoding and decoding speed of PGF with the high speed of comparable JPEG.

A colour space is a measurement space for the single visual perception “colour”.

In this mathematical construction is the quantity of each saw colours. The geometric presentation of a colour space is a colour body. A colour space is space in a colour system, with the aim of the relationship of the mathematically defined colour space to reality to make you get the colour model.

RGB uses additive color mixing, because it describes what kind of light needs to be emitted to produce a given color. Light is added together to create form from out of the darkness. RGB stores individual values for red, green and blue. RGBA is RGB with an additional channel, alpha, to indicate transparency.
Common color spaces based on the RGB model include sRGB, Adobe RGB and Adobe Wide Gamut RGB.